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/* exp10.c
*
* Base 10 exponential function
* (Common antilogarithm)
*
*
*
* SYNOPSIS:
*
* double x, y, exp10();
*
* y = exp10( x );
*
*
*
* DESCRIPTION:
*
* Returns 10 raised to the x power.
*
* Range reduction is accomplished by expressing the argument
* as 10**x = 2**n 10**f, with |f| < 0.5 log10(2).
* The Pade' form
*
* 1 + 2x P(x**2)/( Q(x**2) - P(x**2) )
*
* is used to approximate 10**f.
*
*
*
* ACCURACY:
*
* Relative error:
* arithmetic domain # trials peak rms
* IEEE -307,+307 30000 2.2e-16 5.5e-17
* Test result from an earlier version (2.1):
* DEC -38,+38 70000 3.1e-17 7.0e-18
*
* ERROR MESSAGES:
*
* message condition value returned
* exp10 underflow x < -MAXL10 0.0
* exp10 overflow x > MAXL10 MAXNUM
*
* DEC arithmetic: MAXL10 = 38.230809449325611792.
* IEEE arithmetic: MAXL10 = 308.2547155599167.
*
*/
/*
Cephes Math Library Release 2.8: June, 2000
Copyright 1984, 1991, 2000 by Stephen L. Moshier
*/
#include <math.h>
#ifdef UNK
static double P[] = {
4.09962519798587023075E-2,
1.17452732554344059015E1,
4.06717289936872725516E2,
2.39423741207388267439E3,
};
static double Q[] = {
/* 1.00000000000000000000E0,*/
8.50936160849306532625E1,
1.27209271178345121210E3,
2.07960819286001865907E3,
};
/* static double LOG102 = 3.01029995663981195214e-1; */
static double LOG210 = 3.32192809488736234787e0;
static double LG102A = 3.01025390625000000000E-1;
static double LG102B = 4.60503898119521373889E-6;
/* static double MAXL10 = 38.230809449325611792; */
static double MAXL10 = 308.2547155599167;
#endif
#ifdef DEC
static unsigned short P[] = {
0037047,0165657,0114061,0067234,
0041073,0166243,0123052,0144643,
0042313,0055720,0024032,0047443,
0043025,0121714,0070232,0050007,
};
static unsigned short Q[] = {
/*0040200,0000000,0000000,0000000,*/
0041652,0027756,0071216,0050075,
0042637,0001367,0077263,0136017,
0043001,0174673,0024157,0133416,
};
/*
static unsigned short L102[] = {0037632,0020232,0102373,0147770};
#define LOG102 *(double *)L102
*/
static unsigned short L210[] = {0040524,0115170,0045715,0015613};
#define LOG210 *(double *)L210
static unsigned short L102A[] = {0037632,0020000,0000000,0000000,};
#define LG102A *(double *)L102A
static unsigned short L102B[] = {0033632,0102373,0147767,0114220,};
#define LG102B *(double *)L102B
static unsigned short MXL[] = {0041430,0166131,0047761,0154130,};
#define MAXL10 ( *(double *)MXL )
#endif
#ifdef IBMPC
static unsigned short P[] = {
0x2dd4,0xf306,0xfd75,0x3fa4,
0x5934,0x74c5,0x7d94,0x4027,
0x49e4,0x0503,0x6b7a,0x4079,
0x4a01,0x8e13,0xb479,0x40a2,
};
static unsigned short Q[] = {
/*0x0000,0x0000,0x0000,0x3ff0,*/
0xca08,0xce51,0x45fd,0x4055,
0x7782,0xefd6,0xe05e,0x4093,
0xf6e2,0x650d,0x3f37,0x40a0,
};
/*
static unsigned short L102[] = {0x79ff,0x509f,0x4413,0x3fd3};
#define LOG102 *(double *)L102
*/
static unsigned short L210[] = {0xa371,0x0979,0x934f,0x400a};
#define LOG210 *(double *)L210
static unsigned short L102A[] = {0x0000,0x0000,0x4400,0x3fd3,};
#define LG102A *(double *)L102A
static unsigned short L102B[] = {0xf312,0x79fe,0x509f,0x3ed3,};
#define LG102B *(double *)L102B
static double MAXL10 = 308.2547155599167;
#endif
#ifdef MIEEE
static unsigned short P[] = {
0x3fa4,0xfd75,0xf306,0x2dd4,
0x4027,0x7d94,0x74c5,0x5934,
0x4079,0x6b7a,0x0503,0x49e4,
0x40a2,0xb479,0x8e13,0x4a01,
};
static unsigned short Q[] = {
/*0x3ff0,0x0000,0x0000,0x0000,*/
0x4055,0x45fd,0xce51,0xca08,
0x4093,0xe05e,0xefd6,0x7782,
0x40a0,0x3f37,0x650d,0xf6e2,
};
/*
static unsigned short L102[] = {0x3fd3,0x4413,0x509f,0x79ff};
#define LOG102 *(double *)L102
*/
static unsigned short L210[] = {0x400a,0x934f,0x0979,0xa371};
#define LOG210 *(double *)L210
static unsigned short L102A[] = {0x3fd3,0x4400,0x0000,0x0000,};
#define LG102A *(double *)L102A
static unsigned short L102B[] = {0x3ed3,0x509f,0x79fe,0xf312,};
#define LG102B *(double *)L102B
static double MAXL10 = 308.2547155599167;
#endif
#ifdef ANSIPROT
extern double floor ( double );
extern double ldexp ( double, int );
extern double polevl ( double, void *, int );
extern double p1evl ( double, void *, int );
extern int isnan ( double );
extern int isfinite ( double );
#else
double floor(), ldexp(), polevl(), p1evl();
int isnan(), isfinite();
#endif
extern double MAXNUM;
#ifdef INFINITIES
extern double INFINITY;
#endif
double exp10(x)
double x;
{
double px, xx;
short n;
#ifdef NANS
if( isnan(x) )
return(x);
#endif
if( x > MAXL10 )
{
#ifdef INFINITIES
return( INFINITY );
#else
mtherr( "exp10", OVERFLOW );
return( MAXNUM );
#endif
}
if( x < -MAXL10 ) /* Would like to use MINLOG but can't */
{
#ifndef INFINITIES
mtherr( "exp10", UNDERFLOW );
#endif
return(0.0);
}
/* Express 10**x = 10**g 2**n
* = 10**g 10**( n log10(2) )
* = 10**( g + n log10(2) )
*/
px = floor( LOG210 * x + 0.5 );
n = px;
x -= px * LG102A;
x -= px * LG102B;
/* rational approximation for exponential
* of the fractional part:
* 10**x = 1 + 2x P(x**2)/( Q(x**2) - P(x**2) )
*/
xx = x * x;
px = x * polevl( xx, P, 3 );
x = px/( p1evl( xx, Q, 3 ) - px );
x = 1.0 + ldexp( x, 1 );
/* multiply by power of 2 */
x = ldexp( x, n );
return(x);
}
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