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+/* sincos.c
+ *
+ * Circular sine and cosine of argument in degrees
+ * Table lookup and interpolation algorithm
+ *
+ *
+ *
+ * SYNOPSIS:
+ *
+ * double x, sine, cosine, flg, sincos();
+ *
+ * sincos( x, &sine, &cosine, flg );
+ *
+ *
+ *
+ * DESCRIPTION:
+ *
+ * Returns both the sine and the cosine of the argument x.
+ * Several different compile time options and minimax
+ * approximations are supplied to permit tailoring the
+ * tradeoff between computation speed and accuracy.
+ *
+ * Since range reduction is time consuming, the reduction
+ * of x modulo 360 degrees is also made optional.
+ *
+ * sin(i) is internally tabulated for 0 <= i <= 90 degrees.
+ * Approximation polynomials, ranging from linear interpolation
+ * to cubics in (x-i)**2, compute the sine and cosine
+ * of the residual x-i which is between -0.5 and +0.5 degree.
+ * In the case of the high accuracy options, the residual
+ * and the tabulated values are combined using the trigonometry
+ * formulas for sin(A+B) and cos(A+B).
+ *
+ * Compile time options are supplied for 5, 11, or 17 decimal
+ * relative accuracy (ACC5, ACC11, ACC17 respectively).
+ * A subroutine flag argument "flg" chooses betwen this
+ * accuracy and table lookup only (peak absolute error
+ * = 0.0087).
+ *
+ * If the argument flg = 1, then the tabulated value is
+ * returned for the nearest whole number of degrees. The
+ * approximation polynomials are not computed. At
+ * x = 0.5 deg, the absolute error is then sin(0.5) = 0.0087.
+ *
+ * An intermediate speed and precision can be obtained using
+ * the compile time option LINTERP and flg = 1. This yields
+ * a linear interpolation using a slope estimated from the sine
+ * or cosine at the nearest integer argument. The peak absolute
+ * error with this option is 3.8e-5. Relative error at small
+ * angles is about 1e-5.
+ *
+ * If flg = 0, then the approximation polynomials are computed
+ * and applied.
+ *
+ *
+ *
+ * SPEED:
+ *
+ * Relative speed comparisons follow for 6MHz IBM AT clone
+ * and Microsoft C version 4.0. These figures include
+ * software overhead of do loop and function calls.
+ * Since system hardware and software vary widely, the
+ * numbers should be taken as representative only.
+ *
+ * flg=0 flg=0 flg=1 flg=1
+ * ACC11 ACC5 LINTERP Lookup only
+ * In-line 8087 (/FPi)
+ * sin(), cos() 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
+ *
+ * In-line 8087 (/FPi)
+ * sincos() 1.1 1.4 1.9 3.0
+ *
+ * Software (/FPa)
+ * sin(), cos() 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19
+ *
+ * Software (/FPa)
+ * sincos() 0.39 0.50 0.73 1.7
+ *
+ *
+ *
+ * ACCURACY:
+ *
+ * The accurate approximations are designed with a relative error
+ * criterion. The absolute error is greatest at x = 0.5 degree.
+ * It decreases from a local maximum at i+0.5 degrees to full
+ * machine precision at each integer i degrees. With the
+ * ACC5 option, the relative error of 6.3e-6 is equivalent to
+ * an absolute angular error of 0.01 arc second in the argument
+ * at x = i+0.5 degrees. For small angles < 0.5 deg, the ACC5
+ * accuracy is 6.3e-6 (.00063%) of reading; i.e., the absolute
+ * error decreases in proportion to the argument. This is true
+ * for both the sine and cosine approximations, since the latter
+ * is for the function 1 - cos(x).
+ *
+ * If absolute error is of most concern, use the compile time
+ * option ABSERR to obtain an absolute error of 2.7e-8 for ACC5
+ * precision. This is about half the absolute error of the
+ * relative precision option. In this case the relative error
+ * for small angles will increase to 9.5e-6 -- a reasonable
+ * tradeoff.
+ */
+
+
+#include <math.h>
+
+/* Define one of the following to be 1:
+ */
+#define ACC5 1
+#define ACC11 0
+#define ACC17 0
+
+/* Option for linear interpolation when flg = 1
+ */
+#define LINTERP 1
+
+/* Option for absolute error criterion
+ */
+#define ABSERR 1
+
+/* Option to include modulo 360 function:
+ */
+#define MOD360 0
+
+/*
+Cephes Math Library Release 2.1
+Copyright 1987 by Stephen L. Moshier
+Direct inquiries to 30 Frost Street, Cambridge, MA 02140
+*/
+
+
+/* Table of sin(i degrees)
+ * for 0 <= i <= 90
+ */
+static double sintbl[92] = {
+ 0.00000000000000000000E0,
+ 1.74524064372835128194E-2,
+ 3.48994967025009716460E-2,
+ 5.23359562429438327221E-2,
+ 6.97564737441253007760E-2,
+ 8.71557427476581735581E-2,
+ 1.04528463267653471400E-1,
+ 1.21869343405147481113E-1,
+ 1.39173100960065444112E-1,
+ 1.56434465040230869010E-1,
+ 1.73648177666930348852E-1,
+ 1.90808995376544812405E-1,
+ 2.07911690817759337102E-1,
+ 2.24951054343864998051E-1,
+ 2.41921895599667722560E-1,
+ 2.58819045102520762349E-1,
+ 2.75637355816999185650E-1,
+ 2.92371704722736728097E-1,
+ 3.09016994374947424102E-1,
+ 3.25568154457156668714E-1,
+ 3.42020143325668733044E-1,
+ 3.58367949545300273484E-1,
+ 3.74606593415912035415E-1,
+ 3.90731128489273755062E-1,
+ 4.06736643075800207754E-1,
+ 4.22618261740699436187E-1,
+ 4.38371146789077417453E-1,
+ 4.53990499739546791560E-1,
+ 4.69471562785890775959E-1,
+ 4.84809620246337029075E-1,
+ 5.00000000000000000000E-1,
+ 5.15038074910054210082E-1,
+ 5.29919264233204954047E-1,
+ 5.44639035015027082224E-1,
+ 5.59192903470746830160E-1,
+ 5.73576436351046096108E-1,
+ 5.87785252292473129169E-1,
+ 6.01815023152048279918E-1,
+ 6.15661475325658279669E-1,
+ 6.29320391049837452706E-1,
+ 6.42787609686539326323E-1,
+ 6.56059028990507284782E-1,
+ 6.69130606358858213826E-1,
+ 6.81998360062498500442E-1,
+ 6.94658370458997286656E-1,
+ 7.07106781186547524401E-1,
+ 7.19339800338651139356E-1,
+ 7.31353701619170483288E-1,
+ 7.43144825477394235015E-1,
+ 7.54709580222771997943E-1,
+ 7.66044443118978035202E-1,
+ 7.77145961456970879980E-1,
+ 7.88010753606721956694E-1,
+ 7.98635510047292846284E-1,
+ 8.09016994374947424102E-1,
+ 8.19152044288991789684E-1,
+ 8.29037572555041692006E-1,
+ 8.38670567945424029638E-1,
+ 8.48048096156425970386E-1,
+ 8.57167300702112287465E-1,
+ 8.66025403784438646764E-1,
+ 8.74619707139395800285E-1,
+ 8.82947592858926942032E-1,
+ 8.91006524188367862360E-1,
+ 8.98794046299166992782E-1,
+ 9.06307787036649963243E-1,
+ 9.13545457642600895502E-1,
+ 9.20504853452440327397E-1,
+ 9.27183854566787400806E-1,
+ 9.33580426497201748990E-1,
+ 9.39692620785908384054E-1,
+ 9.45518575599316810348E-1,
+ 9.51056516295153572116E-1,
+ 9.56304755963035481339E-1,
+ 9.61261695938318861916E-1,
+ 9.65925826289068286750E-1,
+ 9.70295726275996472306E-1,
+ 9.74370064785235228540E-1,
+ 9.78147600733805637929E-1,
+ 9.81627183447663953497E-1,
+ 9.84807753012208059367E-1,
+ 9.87688340595137726190E-1,
+ 9.90268068741570315084E-1,
+ 9.92546151641322034980E-1,
+ 9.94521895368273336923E-1,
+ 9.96194698091745532295E-1,
+ 9.97564050259824247613E-1,
+ 9.98629534754573873784E-1,
+ 9.99390827019095730006E-1,
+ 9.99847695156391239157E-1,
+ 1.00000000000000000000E0,
+ 9.99847695156391239157E-1,
+};
+
+#ifdef ANSIPROT
+double floor ( double );
+#else
+double floor();
+#endif
+
+int sincos(x, s, c, flg)
+double x;
+double *s, *c;
+int flg;
+{
+int ix, ssign, csign, xsign;
+double y, z, sx, sz, cx, cz;
+
+/* Make argument nonnegative.
+ */
+xsign = 1;
+if( x < 0.0 )
+ {
+ xsign = -1;
+ x = -x;
+ }
+
+
+#if MOD360
+x = x - 360.0 * floor( x/360.0 );
+#endif
+
+/* Find nearest integer to x.
+ * Note there should be a domain error test here,
+ * but this is omitted to gain speed.
+ */
+ix = x + 0.5;
+z = x - ix; /* the residual */
+
+/* Look up the sine and cosine of the integer.
+ */
+if( ix <= 180 )
+ {
+ ssign = 1;
+ csign = 1;
+ }
+else
+ {
+ ssign = -1;
+ csign = -1;
+ ix -= 180;
+ }
+
+if( ix > 90 )
+ {
+ csign = -csign;
+ ix = 180 - ix;
+ }
+
+sx = sintbl[ix];
+if( ssign < 0 )
+ sx = -sx;
+cx = sintbl[ 90-ix ];
+if( csign < 0 )
+ cx = -cx;
+
+/* If the flag argument is set, then just return
+ * the tabulated values for arg to the nearest whole degree.
+ */
+if( flg )
+ {
+#if LINTERP
+ y = sx + 1.74531263774940077459e-2 * z * cx;
+ cx -= 1.74531263774940077459e-2 * z * sx;
+ sx = y;
+#endif
+ if( xsign < 0 )
+ sx = -sx;
+ *s = sx; /* sine */
+ *c = cx; /* cosine */
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+
+if( ssign < 0 )
+ sx = -sx;
+if( csign < 0 )
+ cx = -cx;
+
+/* Find sine and cosine
+ * of the residual angle between -0.5 and +0.5 degree.
+ */
+#if ACC5
+#if ABSERR
+/* absolute error = 2.769e-8: */
+sz = 1.74531263774940077459e-2 * z;
+/* absolute error = 4.146e-11: */
+cz = 1.0 - 1.52307909153324666207e-4 * z * z;
+#else
+/* relative error = 6.346e-6: */
+sz = 1.74531817576426662296e-2 * z;
+/* relative error = 3.173e-6: */
+cz = 1.0 - 1.52308226602566149927e-4 * z * z;
+#endif
+#else
+y = z * z;
+#endif
+
+
+#if ACC11
+sz = ( -8.86092781698004819918e-7 * y
+ + 1.74532925198378577601e-2 ) * z;
+
+cz = 1.0 - ( -3.86631403698859047896e-9 * y
+ + 1.52308709893047593702e-4 ) * y;
+#endif
+
+
+#if ACC17
+sz = (( 1.34959795251974073996e-11 * y
+ - 8.86096155697856783296e-7 ) * y
+ + 1.74532925199432957214e-2 ) * z;
+
+cz = 1.0 - (( 3.92582397764340914444e-14 * y
+ - 3.86632385155548605680e-9 ) * y
+ + 1.52308709893354299569e-4 ) * y;
+#endif
+
+
+/* Combine the tabulated part and the calculated part
+ * by trigonometry.
+ */
+y = sx * cz + cx * sz;
+if( xsign < 0 )
+ y = - y;
+*s = y; /* sine */
+
+*c = cx * cz - sx * sz; /* cosine */
+return 0;
+}