/* gammaf.c * * Gamma function * * * * SYNOPSIS: * * float x, y, gammaf(); * extern int sgngamf; * * y = gammaf( x ); * * * * DESCRIPTION: * * Returns gamma function of the argument. The result is * correctly signed, and the sign (+1 or -1) is also * returned in a global (extern) variable named sgngamf. * This same variable is also filled in by the logarithmic * gamma function lgam(). * * Arguments between 0 and 10 are reduced by recurrence and the * function is approximated by a polynomial function covering * the interval (2,3). Large arguments are handled by Stirling's * formula. Negative arguments are made positive using * a reflection formula. * * * ACCURACY: * * Relative error: * arithmetic domain # trials peak rms * IEEE 0,-33 100,000 5.7e-7 1.0e-7 * IEEE -33,0 100,000 6.1e-7 1.2e-7 * * */ /* lgamf() * * Natural logarithm of gamma function * * * * SYNOPSIS: * * float x, y, lgamf(); * extern int sgngamf; * * y = lgamf( x ); * * * * DESCRIPTION: * * Returns the base e (2.718...) logarithm of the absolute * value of the gamma function of the argument. * The sign (+1 or -1) of the gamma function is returned in a * global (extern) variable named sgngamf. * * For arguments greater than 6.5, the logarithm of the gamma * function is approximated by the logarithmic version of * Stirling's formula. Arguments between 0 and +6.5 are reduced by * by recurrence to the interval [.75,1.25] or [1.5,2.5] of a rational * approximation. The cosecant reflection formula is employed for * arguments less than zero. * * Arguments greater than MAXLGM = 2.035093e36 return MAXNUM and an * error message. * * * * ACCURACY: * * * * arithmetic domain # trials peak rms * IEEE -100,+100 500,000 7.4e-7 6.8e-8 * The error criterion was relative when the function magnitude * was greater than one but absolute when it was less than one. * The routine has low relative error for positive arguments. * * The following test used the relative error criterion. * IEEE -2, +3 100000 4.0e-7 5.6e-8 * */ /* gamma.c */ /* gamma function */ /* Cephes Math Library Release 2.7: July, 1998 Copyright 1984, 1987, 1989, 1992, 1998 by Stephen L. Moshier */ #include /* define MAXGAM 34.84425627277176174 */ /* Stirling's formula for the gamma function * gamma(x) = sqrt(2 pi) x^(x-.5) exp(-x) ( 1 + 1/x P(1/x) ) * .028 < 1/x < .1 * relative error < 1.9e-11 */ static float STIR[] = { -2.705194986674176E-003, 3.473255786154910E-003, 8.333331788340907E-002, }; static float MAXSTIR = 26.77; static float SQTPIF = 2.50662827463100050242; /* sqrt( 2 pi ) */ int sgngamf = 0; extern int sgngamf; extern float MAXLOGF, MAXNUMF, PIF; #ifdef ANSIC float expf(float); float logf(float); float powf( float, float ); float sinf(float); float gammaf(float); float floorf(float); static float stirf(float); float polevlf( float, float *, int ); float p1evlf( float, float *, int ); #else float expf(), logf(), powf(), sinf(), floorf(); float polevlf(), p1evlf(); static float stirf(); #endif /* Gamma function computed by Stirling's formula, * sqrt(2 pi) x^(x-.5) exp(-x) (1 + 1/x P(1/x)) * The polynomial STIR is valid for 33 <= x <= 172. */ static float stirf( float xx ) { float x, y, w, v; x = xx; w = 1.0/x; w = 1.0 + w * polevlf( w, STIR, 2 ); y = expf( -x ); if( x > MAXSTIR ) { /* Avoid overflow in pow() */ v = powf( x, 0.5 * x - 0.25 ); y *= v; y *= v; } else { y = powf( x, x - 0.5 ) * y; } y = SQTPIF * y * w; return( y ); } /* gamma(x+2), 0 < x < 1 */ static float P[] = { 1.536830450601906E-003, 5.397581592950993E-003, 4.130370201859976E-003, 7.232307985516519E-002, 8.203960091619193E-002, 4.117857447645796E-001, 4.227867745131584E-001, 9.999999822945073E-001, }; float gammaf( float xx ) { float p, q, x, z, nz; int i, direction, negative; x = xx; sgngamf = 1; negative = 0; nz = 0.0; if( x < 0.0 ) { negative = 1; q = -x; p = floorf(q); if( p == q ) goto goverf; i = p; if( (i & 1) == 0 ) sgngamf = -1; nz = q - p; if( nz > 0.5 ) { p += 1.0; nz = q - p; } nz = q * sinf( PIF * nz ); if( nz == 0.0 ) { goverf: mtherr( "gamma", OVERFLOW ); return( sgngamf * MAXNUMF); } if( nz < 0 ) nz = -nz; x = q; } if( x >= 10.0 ) { z = stirf(x); } if( x < 2.0 ) direction = 1; else direction = 0; z = 1.0; while( x >= 3.0 ) { x -= 1.0; z *= x; } /* while( x < 0.0 ) { if( x > -1.E-4 ) goto small; z *=x; x += 1.0; } */ while( x < 2.0 ) { if( x < 1.e-4 ) goto small; z *=x; x += 1.0; } if( direction ) z = 1.0/z; if( x == 2.0 ) return(z); x -= 2.0; p = z * polevlf( x, P, 7 ); gdone: if( negative ) { p = sgngamf * PIF/(nz * p ); } return(p); small: if( x == 0.0 ) { mtherr( "gamma", SING ); return( MAXNUMF ); } else { p = z / ((1.0 + 0.5772156649015329 * x) * x); goto gdone; } } /* log gamma(x+2), -.5 < x < .5 */ static float B[] = { 6.055172732649237E-004, -1.311620815545743E-003, 2.863437556468661E-003, -7.366775108654962E-003, 2.058355474821512E-002, -6.735323259371034E-002, 3.224669577325661E-001, 4.227843421859038E-001 }; /* log gamma(x+1), -.25 < x < .25 */ static float C[] = { 1.369488127325832E-001, -1.590086327657347E-001, 1.692415923504637E-001, -2.067882815621965E-001, 2.705806208275915E-001, -4.006931650563372E-001, 8.224670749082976E-001, -5.772156501719101E-001 }; /* log( sqrt( 2*pi ) ) */ static float LS2PI = 0.91893853320467274178; #define MAXLGM 2.035093e36 static float PIINV = 0.318309886183790671538; /* Logarithm of gamma function */ float lgamf( float xx ) { float p, q, w, z, x; float nx, tx; int i, direction; sgngamf = 1; x = xx; if( x < 0.0 ) { q = -x; w = lgamf(q); /* note this modifies sgngam! */ p = floorf(q); if( p == q ) goto loverf; i = p; if( (i & 1) == 0 ) sgngamf = -1; else sgngamf = 1; z = q - p; if( z > 0.5 ) { p += 1.0; z = p - q; } z = q * sinf( PIF * z ); if( z == 0.0 ) goto loverf; z = -logf( PIINV*z ) - w; return( z ); } if( x < 6.5 ) { direction = 0; z = 1.0; tx = x; nx = 0.0; if( x >= 1.5 ) { while( tx > 2.5 ) { nx -= 1.0; tx = x + nx; z *=tx; } x += nx - 2.0; iv1r5: p = x * polevlf( x, B, 7 ); goto cont; } if( x >= 1.25 ) { z *= x; x -= 1.0; /* x + 1 - 2 */ direction = 1; goto iv1r5; } if( x >= 0.75 ) { x -= 1.0; p = x * polevlf( x, C, 7 ); q = 0.0; goto contz; } while( tx < 1.5 ) { if( tx == 0.0 ) goto loverf; z *=tx; nx += 1.0; tx = x + nx; } direction = 1; x += nx - 2.0; p = x * polevlf( x, B, 7 ); cont: if( z < 0.0 ) { sgngamf = -1; z = -z; } else { sgngamf = 1; } q = logf(z); if( direction ) q = -q; contz: return( p + q ); } if( x > MAXLGM ) { loverf: mtherr( "lgamf", OVERFLOW ); return( sgngamf * MAXNUMF ); } /* Note, though an asymptotic formula could be used for x >= 3, * there is cancellation error in the following if x < 6.5. */ q = LS2PI - x; q += ( x - 0.5 ) * logf(x); if( x <= 1.0e4 ) { z = 1.0/x; p = z * z; q += (( 6.789774945028216E-004 * p - 2.769887652139868E-003 ) * p + 8.333316229807355E-002 ) * z; } return( q ); }